To be clear, CRPS (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome) is not limited to adolescents. I contracted this horrible disease at age 60, from a surgery gone wrong. I would like to see the specific reference to the comment, “CRPS often affects teens and children who are overscheduled and under a significant amount of stress. These teens also tend to be overachievers.” As a Certified Health and Wellness Coach specializing in chronic pain management, CRPS does not discriminate who it attacks whether “overscheduled or under a significant amount of stress,” sex, age or race. What we do know is that chronic pain in general is more frequent in those individuals who have experience undue stress and trauma in their formative developing years, and those in lower income and socioeconomic standing. While the specific triggering mechanisms for either Type-1 and Type-2 are not well understood, we do know that physical trauma, such as a surgery, sprained ankle, and even needle sticks (rarely), can trigger an onslaught of the disease. A more frequent condition youth experience is migraine. Again, the causes are not well understood, but there are many therapeutic options available, and in most cases, pain management includes a combination of therapies (as does CRPS). Regards, David Hall, CHWC